How Does Computer Processing Compare to Human Thinking Essay

How does Computer processing compare to Human thinking? Have you ever wondered how computers process information as opposed to how the human brain does so? Are they actually â€Å"thinking† like a human or are they just organizing data? Can computers learn or even learn on their own? As a human race, we have thousands upon thousands of questions that we wish we could ask computers! Computers in the 21st century are becoming more and more advanced and we wonder, will they ever take over humanity? Will they ever be able to function like humans? What about experience feelings? At this point we don’t know, but some day we might find out. The way computers process information, and the way humans think are completely different, as said, computers†¦show more content†¦It showed that people could program computers to learn, communicate, calculate data, and etc. all on their own. People felt both ways about the achievement. Some people were dumbfounded by the technology , others not so much. For example, in Baker’s article Watson Is Far From Elementary, he states, â€Å"Watson doesn’t â€Å"know† anything, experts say. It doesn’t laugh at jokes, cannot carry on a conversation, has no sense of self, and commits bloopers no human would consider. (Toronto, a U.S. city?) What’s more, it’s horribly inefficient, requiring a roomful of computers to match what we carry between our ears. And it probably would not have won without its inhuman speed on the buzzer.† What Baker is trying to say is that Watson cannot act like a real human. Watson has no sense of self, he cannot think, laugh at jokes, or carry a conversation. He [Watson] isn’t a human and shows no signs of human understanding. Stanley Fish states in his article that his computer has â€Å"†¦a program that directs it to finish words before I do by â€Å"consulting† a data base of words I have used that begin with the letters I ha ve already typed.† Fish is saying that without these programs or instructions, the computers would be nothing. They would serve no purpose to the human intelligence nor would they assist people in daily life as they do now. Watson was programmed to do one task and that’s what he excelled at, but on the other hand heShow MoreRelatedAdvanced Level Of Technology And The Human Brain999 Words   |  4 Pages   Essay 1 Assignment With todays advanced level of technology, we contemplate and entertain the thought of computers actually becoming intelligent through artificial intelligence and eventually out perform the human brain. The problem is not just a struggle between the human brain and the computer processing unit of a machine, but whether or not human engineering and programing is as good or better than mother nature and evolution is or will ever be. The race to develop artificial intelligence thatRead MoreArguments Against Physical Machines Jenna Beran1280 Words   |  6 Pagessubjectivity to argue that humans are not physical machines. Subjectivity is the opinions and feelings from experience that is unique to the individual. Intentionality describes how thought can be directed on a particular object. This is consciousness. These terms are what make human beings distinct from physical machines. Moreland argues that human beings are different from a physical machine because humans have a mind that use s intentionality and subjectivity. Moreland compares the intentionality andRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory Main Concepts Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory Main Concepts: According to the Social Cognitive Theory, people learn by observation and modeling behavior. Albert Bandura developed the social cognitive theory in 1986. Bandura believes that people obtain knowledge and how to function by modeling behavior from others by interacting with others. The main highlight of his theory is that people learn by observation, imitation and modeling behavior within the social environment (Merriam, 2014)). Individual remember the consequencesRead MoreUnderstanding The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat I will be discussing in this paper. I will also discuss my view and how it relates to solutions for the mind body problem. I will also explain why my view would hold no matter what type of brain the patient had as well as addressing an objection to functionalism. Then I will provide reasons why denying the existence of mental states for non-normal brains through type-identity theory is problematic. Finally I will discuss how functionalism avoi ds these problems and why it allows the patient to haveRead MoreEssay Plan - Is the Internet Making Us Less Intelligent?1064 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch and are exposed to information. It provides a rather three-dimensional way of processing information in comparison to linear text. Multitasking is enhanced and utilised to gain a broader spectrum of information. Studies have shown that searching for something online provides greater, healthier brain processing than searching through conventional books and libraries. The Internet and computers have also been instrumental in improving education. Students have been provided with aRead MoreComputer Science And Artificial Intelligence1712 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Science Computer science can be defined as a many number of technological variables, but is primarily defined as the science and processes of information processing in computer hardware and software, as well as its applications within. Computer science is comprised of many aspects that form a larger whole, that take a practical and theoretical approach to the capabilities of computers and how they process input and output information. With computers being conceived as early as the 1830’sRead MorePsychological Approaches : Behaviorism, Cognitive And Humanistic Approach1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthe humanistic, cognitive and the humanistic approach. This essay will consider the contributions made to therapies in the modern life; evaluate how valid the methodology is using case studies to back up these theories and how they contribute to each other to becoming an approach. The behaviourist psychologists emphasise the role of the environment and how this can affect the behaviour of a person. â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’llRead MoreSummary Of Minds, Brains And Programs 1763 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"machine could think† we as human produce thinking, therefore we are indeed thinking machines. However, he rejects the idea of digital computers having the ability to produce any thinking or intelligence. In this paper, I will summarize and analyze Searle’s claims with supporting examples from his famous ‘Chinese Room Argument’ relating it to Alan Turing’s example of artificial intelligence. Why understanding cannot be defined based on the instantiation of a computer program, as understanding requiresRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence1302 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial intelligence is the utilization of computers to imitat e human brains in restricted domains. This is a consequence of developing computer which carry on logically, reason rationally and can adequately decipher its surroundings continuously in real time. Artificial Intelligence is no longer a fictionist concept, the superior computing prowess of artificial intelligence has enabled them to surpass humans in problem solving. They have made it conceivable to recreate complex activities thatRead MorePsychoanalytical Approach And Cognitive Approach1434 Words   |  6 Pagesof them are going to be discussed. The two perspectives which will be mentioned are Psychoanalytical Approach and Cognitive Approach. Firstly there will be and introduction of each perspective, its strengths and weakness. Secondly an evaluation of how key theorists have applied these two perspectives. Also include the contemporary issues in which these perspectives have been applied. Lastly an analysis of the similarities and differences between the two perspectives. Psychoanalysis was created by

Essay on Socrates Is Not Guilty - 1909 Words

In the book, Plato Republic, Socrates had a discussion with Thrasymachus and Glaucon about justice and unjustice. In this essay, I shall argue that Plato’s solution of the temptation of the ring is successful in a few ways. I will describe Thrasymachus and Glaucon’s idea about justice, and how Socrates discuss with them in terms of the justice of the city, justice of individual soul, his theory of forms and the importance of the knowledge of the good, and the sun analogy and the allegory of the cave. While Socrates discuss with Glaucon about just and unjust, Glaucon told a story about the ring of the Gyges. The story is a about a man named Gyges, he was a shepherd in Lydia. One day there was earthquake, and it broke open the ground and†¦show more content†¦These are Galucon’s arguments about unjust is better than just. After Galucon expressed his opinion, he asked Socrates to keep argue the question about just and unjust. And Socrates thought it would be easier to find just if they look into larger things. So they decided to find out what sort of things justice is in cities. And Socrates began built up a city with Galucon. Socrates first introduced the principle of â€Å"how each person must perform the role for which he is naturally best suited and that he must not meddle in any other business†(Sparknotes). For example, farmer must only farm and carpenter must only build. In Socrates’ opinion, the just city will have craftsmen, farmer, and doctors. Each of them will do their own job produce whatever is necessary for the city’s needs and will not engaging in any other role, they are called the â€Å"producing class† by Socrates. However, Galucon argued that this city is the â€Å"city of pigs†, and this city is unreachable. Because there are only basic desi res in the city, once people’s basic desires are satisfied, they will have unnecessary desires, like luxurious surroundings, arts, rich food. So Socrates agreed that they would build up a luxurious city, which they will have merchant, actor, and poet. As a result, the city will become bigger, and it will lead to wars.Show MoreRelatedSocrates : Not Guilty1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates: Not Guilty Intro (138) In 399 BC, when he was seventy years old, Socrates was called into court by three men: Meletus, a poet, Anytus, a politician, and Lycon, an orator. The specific charges were impiety (namely that he did not believe in the gods of Athens, and instead had introduced new gods), and corruption of the youth of the city. The account of Socrates’ trial is preserved in the Apology by Plato, a dialogue that ought not to be considered a verbatim report of Socrates’ defenseRead MoreSocrates, Guilty Or Not Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesSocrates, Guilty Or Not Ancient Athens was the site of a growing culture. Philosophy was among the many improvements and discoveries being made. With these improvements and discoveries, great thinkers were able to stretch out their knowledge to new heights. The society they lived in, both welcomed and shunned their ideals. Socrates was one of these thinkers. It was because of Socrates open-mindedness that he was sentenced to death by two charges brought against him. One, Socrates corrupted theRead MoreSocrates Guilty as Charged1761 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s Apology Socrates is being tried by Anytus and Meletus for two new charges: â€Å"corrupting the young, and not acknowledging the gods of the city acknowledges, but new daimonic activities instead† (Morgan 2005, 51). Throughout Plato’s Apology and Euthyphro Socrates uses complex rhetoric to challenge the charges brought against him based on his thoughts and understanding of what is right and wrong. He never once states he is n ot guilty nor does he provide reasons to support his innocence. HeRead MoreEssay Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?1134 Words   |  5 Pagesquot;Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In any case of law, when one is considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and of the entity of authority itself. In Socrates case, the situation is no different. One may be said to be guilty or not of any said crime, but the true measure of guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court structure to which it is subject to. Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or notRead MoreIs Socrates Innocent or Guilty? Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesIs Socrates Innocent or Guilty? Living in a democracy, everyone is exposed through television and other various forms of media everyday to numerous trials by jury. Usually they are rarely given a second thought, but every once in a while along comes a specific trial which captures the attention of the entire country. This goes the same for trials throughout centuries in our past. Although they did not have the same forms of media as in this, modern era, there were still specific trials inRead MoreSocrates: Guilty or Innocent Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesIn Platos, The Apology of Socrates, Socrates was accused and on trial for two charges: that he had corrupted the youth of Athens with his teachings, and, that he advocated the worship of false gods. Socrates taught his students to question everything in a thirst for knowledge. Thus, many politicians were looked at as hypocrites. Because of this, many politicians feared Socrates and wanted Socrates away from Athens. Socrates tried to defend himself against the charges by addressing each accusationRead MoreEssay on Socrates Was NOT Guilty1667 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Plato’s Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates’ entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates’ in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didn’t find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guiltyRead More The Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent? Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Apology of Socrates: Guilty or Innocent?   Ã‚   In any case of law, when considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and the system itself.   In Socrates case, the situation is no different.   One may be said to be guilty or innocent of any crime, but guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court it is subjected to.   Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty or not, it must be kept in mind the norms and standards of Athens at that time, and theRead MoreSocrates: Guilty or Innocent of Charges? Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates: Was He Guilty or Innocent of the Crimes He Was Charged With? Most of the information that we learn about Socrates comes from the work and writings of one of his students, Plato. It has been alleged that the great Philosopher wrote nothing down for others to read, and as such, the knowledge and the teachings from Socrates that is relied upon to convey his philosophy and the epic story of his life comes not from himself, but his students who attempt to provide and accurate pictureRead MoreThe Trial of Socrates1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn the trial of Socrates, I juror number 307, Ryan Callahan vote the defendant is Not Guilty on the first charge of Corrupting the youth. My justifications for this vote are as follows. Socrates didn t corrupt the youth, he just shared his ideas with them and they in turn chose the path to take these ideas. Part of understanding this case is understand the time in which the case was held. This time being 399 B.C., a time in which Athens was a free democratic city, a town which prided itself

Shelby Steele Affirmative Action Essay Example For Students

Shelby Steele Affirmative Action Essay The problem of discrimination has been around since the writing of theDeclaration of Independence in 1776. The U.S. Constitution said nothing ofequality; instead, it legitimized the institution of slavery. TheEmancipation Proclamation issued January 1, 1863, set slaves in the confederatestates free. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery. The formerconfederate states, not wanting to let go of their control over blacks,established the restrictive Black Codes. The Civil Rights Act of 1866proposed by Andrew Johnson was the first Civil Rights act ever written. The actwas turned down by congress. The act would have given all blacks the same rightsas whites. The issue of discrimination has been addressed in the court systemmany times. Beginning with the Dred Scott v. Sanford (1) case, in which theSupreme Court ruled, that blacks as subordinate and inferior beings, couldnot constitutionally be citizens of the United States. More recently, the Bakkecase gave a look at the wor kings of affirmative action. A white student wasdenied admission to U.C. Davis because the school had already met its quotas forwhite students. Affirmative action(2) is a term coined by President of theUnited States, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. In an executive order Johnson declaredthat federal contractors should take affirmative action, this was toguarantee that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated duringemployment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex, or nationalorigin. Executive Order #11246 would increase the number of minoritiesemployed by federal contractors. This order would become a major policy issuefor years after it was made. Many people view affirmative action as reversediscrimination, or as reparations made by the government to minorities for pastdiscrimination. It has been left up to the states own government to decidewhether or not affirmative action programs should be implemented. Most havedecided not to allow these programs. These st ates now have to figure out how tomake up for the unemployed minorities and loss of diversity in colleges. Thearguments against affirmative action have many aspects. A major complaint inmost arguments is the contradictions its policies support. Such as reversediscrimination. The policies have been constructed to give women and minoritiesequal opportunities in applying and being accepted in schools and jobs. Othersthink that women and minorities did not earn their positions, but given agift, from the affirmative action programs. Another view is that women andminorities can have their self-worth affected by these programs. They will feelthat special arrangements, need to be made because women and minoritiesare biologically inferior, to white males. Another point againstAffirmative action is that it is no longer needed. Affirmative action began tohelp women and minorities into the workforce, and higher education. It isconcluded that the process will continue on it is own with out the h elp of anyaffirmative action programs. Besides reverse discrimination, affirmative actionis claimed to be the cause of promoting, in many cases, the hiring of lessskilled workers and less qualified individuals being accepted into college. Proposals have been made to make up for the lack of minority enrollment inhigher education. One way to ensure minority representation would be to targethigh poverty schools. Texas legislature was seeking a way to preserve minorityaccess to college. The conclusion was that the top ten percent of students inevery high school are eligible for admission to the University of Texas. Inaddition, an increased use of test scores and grades as entrance standards foreveryone would help with the loss of diversity. Other proposals have been togive applications in different languages, to have jobs offered on campuses, andto have a list of all people that do not have jobs in the area. Affirmativeaction should be implemented for sheer promotion of diversity. Some of thegreatest intellectual interactions a student experiences, are with otherstudents in college. If those interactions are not diverse or culturallyenriching, then every person will have a narrow experience at college. Anotherreason affir mative action programs should be implemented is for the preventionof primarily white, dominated campuses. The affirmative action policiesshould be reinstated. Colleges and jobs should not look at race as the onlyfactor in accepting an applicant. That is true, they should look at leadershipqualities, experience, academics, and even athletics. To limit the hiring andadmission of incompetent workers and students, those other factors should belooked at. It is a good possibility that many women and minorities could behired just for the simple fact that they have more experience, and is betterqualified than a white male. People blame so many things on affirmativeaction. A white man did not get a job over a black or Hispanic man so he blamesit on the affirmative action programs. The black or Hispanic man may have beenbetter qualified for the job. Everyone deserves a chance to work and go toschool; affirmative action programs should not have to exist. There should be anequal chance for ever yone to get a job and go to school, until there is, therewill be affirmative action. .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .postImageUrl , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:hover , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:visited , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:active { border:0!important; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:active , .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784 .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959250ae0ac10a0fc0ce478c22959784:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Metacognition EssayGovernment

Tuberculosis Essays (1405 words) - Tuberculosis,

Tuberculosis TUBERCULOSIS Forms of tuberculosis have been present in the human population since ancient times. Fragments of spinal columns from Egyptian mummies dating back to 2400 BC show definite pathological signs of tubercular decay. Around 460 BC Hippocrates wrote on the subject of a disease which we now know as tuberculosis. In his article he warned his colleagues against visiting cases in the late stages of the disease, because the patient's inevitable death might damage the reputations of the attending physicians. The world's population remained totally defenseless to the lethal effects of tuberculosis for thousands of years. Then, around the 17th century scientists began to hypothesize about the nature of the disease and began to search for a means to prevent it. In the Republic of Lucca in 1699, the government made the proclamation: Human health should no longer be endangered by objects remaining after the death of a consumptive. The names of the deceased should be reported to the authorities, and measures undertaken for disinfection. This meant that the corpse and any possessions of that person who had been consumed by tuberculosis would be burned to eliminate the risk of spreading the disease to others. This measure was one of the first steps towards the elimination of tuberculosis as an epidemic because the public was now beginning to recognize the contageousness of the disease and began taking measures to prevent it. In 1720, the English physician Benjamin Marten wrote that TB could be caused by wonderfully minute living creatures, which, once they had gained a foothold in the body, could generate the lesions and symptoms of the disease. He also stated, It may be therefore very likely that by a habitual lying in the same bed with a consumptive patient, constantly eating and drinking with him, or by very frequently conversing so nearly as to draw in part of the breath he emits from the Lungs, a consumption may be caught by a sound person...I imagine that slightly conversing with consumptive patients is seldom or never sufficient to catch the disease. Dr. Marten's insight proved to be another enormous step towards the understanding and prevention of tuberculosis. In the 19th century Hermann Brehmer, a Silesian botany student whom was suffering from tuberculosis, was instructed by his physician to move to a healthier climate. Brehmer traveled to the Himalayan mountains mainly to pursue his botanical studies. What he didn't know at the time was that this journey would be attributed to curing his disease. When Brehmer returned home he began to study medicine. In 1854, he wrote his dissertation titled, ?Tuberculosis is a Curable Disease.? He hypothesized that his recovery was directly related to the healthier environment found in the Himalayan mountains. Brehmer built an institution in Gorbersdorf where his patients received a nutritious diet and spent great amounts of time on their balconies where they were exposed to continuous fresh air. This clinic was the first step towards the development of a sanatorium. Sanatoria, could now be found throughout Europe and the United States. A sanatorium provided two functions. They isolated the ill from th e rest of the public while enforcing rest and a healthy diet. Tuberculosis is caused by an organism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or tubercle bacilli. When a person with the infectious tuberculosis disease coughs or sneezes, droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli can be expelled into the air causing the other people that inhale the air containing these droplet nuclei to become infected. The tuberculosis infection begins when the tubercle bacilli multiply in the small air sacs of the lungs. A small number enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, but the body's immune system usually keeps the bacilli under control. Some patients who have the TB infection develop the TB disease when their immune system cannot keep the tubercle bacilli under control and the bacilli begin to multiply rapidly. This can happen very soon after infection or many years after infection. About 10% of people who have the TB infection will develop the TB disease at some point, but the risk is greatest in the first year or two after infection. The tuberculosis disease usually occurs in the lungs (pulmonary TB), but can also occur in other places of the body (extrapulmonary TB). Miliary TB occurs when tubercle bacilli enter the